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The molecular formula of dl-alanine is C₃H₇NO₂, with a structural formula of CH₃CH(NH₂)COOH. It appears as a colorless to white crystalline powder, is odorless, and has a sweet taste.

Physical Properties  

·Melting Point: The melting point of dl-alanine generally ranges from 295°C to 300°C, though this may vary slightly based on the source, with some reports indicating a melting point of 272°C to 275°C.

·Solubility: DL-Alanine is highly soluble in hot water and water, slightly soluble in ethanol, and insoluble in ether and acetone. Its water solubility increases with temperature; for instance, at 25°C, the solubility of dl-alanine in water is 16.72 g/100 mL.

·Other Physical Properties: DL-Alanine is optically inactive, meaning it does not rotate the plane of polarized light in solution. Other physical properties, such as density, relative vapor density, refractive index, flash point, autoignition temperature, and vapor pressure, may exhibit specific characteristics, though these values can vary depending on experimental conditions and measurement methods.

Chemical Properties  

·Stability: DL-Alanine has relatively stable chemical properties but can undergo reactions under certain conditions. For example, in the presence of nitrous acid, dl-alanine can be converted into lactic acid.

·Acidity: DL-Alanine is an organic acid with acidic properties and can dissociate in aqueous solution to release hydrogen ions and the corresponding anions.

·Reactivity: Both the amino and carboxyl groups of dl-alanine possess reactivity and can participate in various chemical reactions. For instance, the amino group can undergo substitution and addition reactions, while the carboxyl group can undergo esterification and amidation reactions.

DL-Alanine is a racemic mixture, meaning the spatial arrangement of the amino and carboxyl groups in its molecules is random, with no fixed stereoconfiguration. This characteristic distinguishes dl-alanine from L-Alanine (left-handed alanine) and D-Alanine (right-handed alanine), resulting in differences in their physical and chemical properties.

The structural features of dl-alanine, including its specific molecular and structural formula, unique physical properties (such as melting point and solubility), stable chemical properties, and racemic stereoisomerism, make it valuable for applications in the food industry, pharmaceutical industry, and more.