The comparison of the application of L-tryptophan and DL-tryptophan in animal feed mainly focuses on the following aspects:
I. Biological Efficacy
·L-tryptophan: It is an essential amino acid that cannot be synthesized by animals but has multiple physiological functions. It has a high biological efficacy and is utilized at 100% efficiency within the animal’s body.
·DL-tryptophan: It is a mixture of L-tryptophan and D-tryptophan, and its biological efficacy varies depending on the animal species. For pigs, the biological efficacy of DL-tryptophan is equivalent to 80%–85% of L-tryptophan; for chickens, it is equivalent to 55%–56% of L-tryptophan.
II. Physiological Functions and Application Effects
1. L-tryptophan:
·It participates in the renewal of plasma proteins in the animal's body and helps activate riboflavin, as well as contribute to the synthesis of niacin and hemoglobin.
·It can significantly increase the antibodies in the fetus of pregnant animals, enhance the disease resistance and stress tolerance of newborn piglets, thus improving piglet survival rates.
·It promotes lactation in lactating dairy cows and sows.
·A deficiency in L-tryptophan leads to stunted growth, weight loss, reduced fat accumulation, and testicular atrophy in breeding males.
2. DL-tryptophan:
·It has some of the same physiological functions as L-tryptophan, such as promoting animal growth and improving the yield and quality of meat, eggs, milk, and other animal products.
·When used in artificial milk for piglets, with an addition of 0.02%–0.05%, it can enhance their disease resistance and stress tolerance.
III. Feed Cost and Economic Feasibility
·Due to the higher biological efficacy of L-tryptophan, a lower inclusion level may be required to achieve the same feeding effect. However, L-tryptophan is usually more expensive.
·While DL-tryptophan has slightly lower biological efficacy, it is relatively more economical. Therefore, in feed formulations that have stricter cost requirements, DL-tryptophan may be more competitive.
IV. Application Recommendations
·When choosing between L-tryptophan and DL-tryptophan, it is necessary to consider factors such as the animal species, growth stage, feeding environment, and feed cost.
·For animals like piglets that require high stress resistance and disease resistance, it is recommended to use L-tryptophan or a higher proportion of L-tryptophan-based products.
·In cases where cost is limited, DL-tryptophan can be used as an alternative, but it should be noted that its biological efficacy may be slightly lower than that of L-tryptophan.
L-tryptophan and DL-tryptophan each have their own characteristics in animal feed. The choice of which form to use should be based on the specific situation. In practical applications, it is important to consider animal nutritional needs, feed formulation, and cost-effectiveness comprehensively.